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Genetically Modified Organisms: Pros and Cons of GMO Food

January 5, 2013 by Janelle Vaesa, MPH 59 Comments

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2009 map of countries that allow and ban GMO products. Photo by: Zhitelew

2009 map of countries that allow and ban GMO products. Image by Zhitelew

Negative Side Effects of GMOs

One of the potential health risks of genetically modified food is allergies. To genetically modify a food, scientists take genes from one food to put into another food. This can cause allergic reactions and other side effects when people consume the modified foods.

For example, in 1996 soybeans were genetically engineered to have the same protein components as Brazil nuts. The problem researchers found was that the soybeans also contained the allergic properties of the nuts.

Thankfully, this was discovered before they were released to the public.




However, not all instances of potential adverse effects have been discovered before being released to the public. For example, in 1989 a genetically modified dietary supplement of tryptophan allegedly killed 37 people, permanently disabled 1,500 people, and caused 5,000 people to develop a blood disorder before the FDA was able to recall the product.

Another serious concern is that GM foods contain antibiotic markers, which is thought to be one of the reasons that the effectiveness of treatments are decreasing. This means that more powerful drugs are going to be needed to treat infections and diseases in the future.

Humans health is not all that’s at risk. Damery reports that GM plants allow farmers to increase the amount of pesticides and herbicides used on their land, which will increase the amount of chemicals finding their way into the water system and damaging the soil.

GMOs: Weighing the Pros and Cons

These are just some of the pros and cons of genetically modified foods – with such a controversy, it’s no wonder that the fight for Proposition 37 in California was so hard-fought on both sides. Understanding the laws and what GMOs are and how they are made will allow consumers to make an informed decision about purchasing and consuming foods that are genetically modified.

Resources:

U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Genetically Modified Food and Organisms. (2012). Human Genome Project. Accessed December 29, 2012.

Damery, P, et al. The Debate on Labeling Genetically Modified Food. (2011). Accessed December 29, 2012.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Weighing the GMO Arguments. (2003). Accessed December 29, 2012.

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Filed Under: Headlines, Health

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Comments

  1. ezb says

    January 23, 2019 at 3:56 pm

    Thanks for the pro’s.
    im doing a project of how gmo’s can be good and this website helped me a lot.
    My teacher is stpd enough to think that gmo’s are good.

    Reply
  2. Napoleon says

    January 18, 2019 at 1:26 pm

    GMOs should not be used in foods or anything else going into your mouth because of potential dangers and health issues.
    GMOs can potentially have serious health risks due to the vast unknowns in the science. One major health concern are allergies; Because scientists don’t really know what they are inserting into the genes, any kind of allergies can appear and cause potential life-threatening situations. Tests from the Department of Science have also shown that using GMOs most likely cause increased antibiotics resistance which means more powerful antibiotics will have to be used in the future.
    One main reason for creating Genetically Modified plants was so there could be a decrease in pesticide spraying. Instead, “Genetically-engineered seeds are responsible for an enormous increase in the use of pesticides, primarily herbicides — weed killers” This is because as weeds develop resistance to these herbicides farmers spray more of them which is unhealthy for farmers and plants. Furthermore, weeds are starting to develop a resistance to certain heavily sprayed herbicides like roundup which could be a very big problem if all weeds do.
    There is a big debate about GMO labeling and whether the public should know what they are eating. The “Vast majority of americans” say that GMOs should be clearly labeled. Proposition 13, a proposed bill to require the labeling of GMOs got only 49% of the vote, not enough to win but enough to show what the public really thinks. Personally, I think that GMOs should be labeled because the public has the right to know what they are eating. I don’t think this would have a big impact on corporations other than the couple cents it would take to write GENETICALLY MODIFIED on their products because most people are OK with eating GMOs. Many countries have decided to require the labeling of GMOs and some have even banned the process, China one of the most populous countries in the world, only uses GMOs on non-edible things like cotton so that health risks are negligible. Many countries including Poland have banned GMOs totally.
    Overall, GMOs are bad for your health and should not be used in food products because of health risks.

    All this INFO is REAL and not Copywrited

    Reply
  3. bo says

    December 3, 2018 at 9:06 am

    Thank you this has really helped

    Reply
  4. Anonymous says

    November 21, 2018 at 3:09 pm

    I like reading everyone’s arguments. Gives me a new perspective on how I look at GMO. (BTW totally against it☺)

    Reply
  5. cool person man says

    October 26, 2018 at 11:53 am

    ur all dum lol GMOs r the greatest (in all seriousness they are (so stop being uninformed masses of idiots blinded by the bandwagon and faked new articles))

    Reply
    • Vivian says

      November 12, 2018 at 8:54 pm

      Perhaps people should understand that we have been naturally changing the genetic code of flora and fauna for centuries. It’s called selective breeding. Look at Dogs, Cows, Horses, Corn, Apples, and Pumpkins. You cannot name a single domesticated plant or animal that has not been altered in some way. GMO does not necessarily mean that it was changed in a laboratory. Human selection of desired traits has been going on since the dawn of time. Plus GMO’s are more strictly regulated than most people think. Perhaps more insight and digging up of information will increase people’s understanding. Thank you.

      Reply
    • ur mom says

      November 15, 2018 at 4:37 pm

      im with cool person man

      Reply
    • bignatelover says

      January 21, 2019 at 10:51 pm

      yes thank you your right….finally people know that gmo aren’t such a bad thing because if u look at it gmo’s are every where but you just dont know it yet.

      Reply
  6. Bailey Walker says

    April 26, 2018 at 11:45 am

    GMO products are terrifying. There is no other company in the world more powerful than the power house known as Monsanto. Think. If a company owns the FDA and USDA and produces GMO products… first of all thats a governmental issue.. secondly thats a problem that no one wants to address… but most importantly perhaps is the lack of ability to maintain health standards, especially when an act has been passed that allows for Monsanto to produce and sell any product regardless of health issues that may arise (actual act https://act.credoaction.com/sign/monsanto_protection_act_v2). To further my point I would like to include a brief history to the company that supplies the US with its GMO products. 1901 marks the start of Monsanto. They were included in the research of the Manhattan Project and the production of Agent orange in the Vietnam war. Basically… stay away from GMO’s. We need more articles and activists. Keep on spreading the bad news.

    Reply
  7. M says

    April 17, 2018 at 3:22 pm

    Perhaps some scientists are working to remove a vast majority of cons in the production of GMO products, and may soon move on to make meat GM too. Sometimes, you have to look past the flaws and see what can be fixed and move on.

    Reply
  8. Wibble Wubble says

    April 9, 2018 at 9:33 am

    Can someone tell me how Google thinks this relates to Facebook?

    Reply
  9. lili says

    March 5, 2018 at 2:13 am

    who else is using this for an assessment task?

    Reply
    • Maggie says

      March 13, 2018 at 4:06 am

      OMG me!

      Reply
  10. router login says

    September 21, 2017 at 2:17 am

    The paper dealt with the description of the principles and general risk assessment model for the environmental release of transgenic organisms on the basis of analysing and comparing the various methods on risk assessment, in combination with the past research results of the authors.

    Reply
  11. 192.168.0.1 says

    September 21, 2017 at 2:15 am

    Without the wide introduction of transgenic food, people are increasing worried about it’s safety.

    Reply
  12. 192.168.0.1 says

    July 11, 2017 at 6:21 am

    They’re called genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and they’re in 80% of the processed food on grocery store shelves—and a handful of whole foods as well, with perhaps more on the way soon.

    Reply
  13. 192.168.1.1 says

    July 11, 2017 at 6:18 am

    thats where i was looking at the information for my biology project

    Reply
  14. Laron says

    January 20, 2017 at 2:25 pm

    FEATURE MEME’S IN THIS YEAR 2017!!!!

    Reply
    • KYS says

      February 28, 2017 at 10:11 am

      Shut up you non-memelord scrub plebeian, I hope you get cancerous memes.
      BTW meme’s is not correct, that would be “meme is” you iliterate scrub.

      Reply
    • big d boi says

      May 2, 2017 at 6:34 am

      you are an absolute legend KYS

      Reply
      • cameron says

        May 4, 2017 at 10:14 am

        nobody nos if they are or not

        Reply
    • MacGyver says

      February 19, 2018 at 5:37 pm

      you spelled illiterate wrong. Check your spelling!

      Reply
  15. no name 115 says

    January 20, 2017 at 2:05 pm

    why are most gmos bad

    Reply
  16. no name 115 says

    January 20, 2017 at 1:55 pm

    what are you talking about laron

    Reply
  17. Laron says

    January 19, 2017 at 10:30 am

    But Asher can stay, he part of the fam

    Reply
    • no name 115 says

      January 20, 2017 at 1:57 pm

      who is samule and asher

      Reply
  18. Laron says

    January 19, 2017 at 10:28 am

    Get off the website Samuel

    Reply
  19. Laron says

    January 19, 2017 at 10:27 am

    If pros are bad, then why are people still eating it? ANSWER THE QUESTION!

    Reply
    • donut says

      January 20, 2017 at 1:58 pm

      pros are good dummy

      Reply
    • Madison says

      January 23, 2017 at 1:36 pm

      Are you ready?

      Reply
  20. Juan Cena says

    January 18, 2017 at 11:17 am

    I like Chicken, go eat chic fil a

    Reply
  21. Ruslan Laluck says

    December 6, 2016 at 5:17 pm

    GMO is an unnatural thing but considering the worlds population increase over the past couple years, it is the only way to ensure mankind’s survival for the long-term.

    Reply
  22. riki says

    November 4, 2016 at 5:56 am

    How much less hunger in the world now that half of it produce GMO..?Actually more then before..plus all the gone and going broke traditional farmer torpedoed buy the GMO cartel.
    A part my allusion to the not in good fate of the who in power..I like to point to the fact that all man produce touch or interfere with is turning in poison for him self and the ambient…this is one of the proofs that we were made out of an interference by an entity into Nature just as we making our modest contribution now.

    Reply
  23. Kelsey Boyer says

    October 13, 2016 at 11:53 am

    What are more of the information on the GMO crops?

    Reply
  24. Sarah says

    October 5, 2016 at 8:36 am

    what are the big pros for GMOs?

    Reply
    • Sarah says

      October 5, 2016 at 8:43 am

      thats where i was looking at the information for my biology project

      Reply
    • lonrsdh says

      November 6, 2016 at 4:20 pm

      For one, it could possibly help underfed countries. However, Europe will not take part in the use of gmo

      Reply
    • carol says

      November 15, 2016 at 9:44 am

      its food

      Reply
    • Laron says

      January 11, 2017 at 10:08 am

      Are there any other reasons why GMO’s are bad?

      Reply
  25. cece says

    October 4, 2016 at 10:28 am

    great information

    Reply
  26. Draleru Monica Alimah, Uganda Martyrs University, organic student 3dr year under graduate. says

    August 16, 2016 at 3:50 am

    My contribution on whether the GMOs be labeled or not is that; if the those who are advocating for GMOs are sure that the procedures and the their products have no bad effect on human health and the environment, they must publish the procedures, the input and what ever they have put in this product open and clear for every body to understand just like it is done in organic products so that the consumers go for them by choice not by chance. It will be unfair if they are advocating for the goodness of GMOs and yet are not willing to tell the end users what is in it, then they have a hidden agender of destroying humanity. Organic processes are clearly displayed for who ever needs them and the products are clearly labeled ORGANIC, those who do not need them are free to avoid them. What are the GMO pro-activists hiding behind “NO LABELS”? After all principle of chemical use says that never use chemicals that are not labeled and never keep chemicals in unlabeled containers.

    Reply
    • Matt says

      August 31, 2016 at 9:59 am

      So far as what they are hiding behind, I’d say they’re hiding from loss of profits from uninformed public opinion. The non-GMO camp has so effectively smeared the term GMO that, were producers forced to label their products, they would immediately lose marketshare and go belly up.
      In my opinion, rather than labeling the products as GMO, they should simply be required to include information on what other genes were spliced into the altered product. This could simply be stated as “May contain traces of peanuts and wheat,” or the like.
      There are so many potentially life saving applications for GMOs. See the following website for just one example:
      http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/08/modified-rice-has-five-times-zinc-and.html?m=1

      Reply
      • Matt says

        August 31, 2016 at 10:03 am

        As an aside, I grow as much of my own food as I can anyway, but just because I love being closer to my food.
        That doesn’t mean I can’t see the other side’s viewpoint, though.

        Reply
  27. crown moyo says

    May 27, 2016 at 2:46 am

    we really need to know much on the dangers of gmo

    Reply
  28. GMO says

    March 22, 2016 at 2:43 am

    GMO is still a topic nowadays. I still believe that people should have the right to know which is GMO and they have the right to choose.

    Reply
  29. steven vollom says

    January 31, 2016 at 11:35 pm

    In a couple of weeks I will be 73 years old. I recently noticed that most of the processed foods contain health reducing contents, especially GMO ingredients.

    As a believer in GOD, I do not want to consume foods that have been tampered with genetically by non-believing scientists. GOD doesn’t need any help to improve HIS perfect creations. Since most people no longer grow their own foods, people should be made aware of the ingredients included in their food.

    I am not so smart to be able to discover these items without a little help. As a result, I never purchase but a few canned or processed foods. Additionally I purchase organic foods where possible, yet believe I am deceived many times by the use of tricky or deceptive advertising.

    I believe all commercially produced food should be boldly identified as GMO or non-GMO. There should be no way for producers by using trickery of words to include GMO organisms of any kind into food identified as non-GMO. I also believe that if GMO food producers have nothing to hide, this is a reasonable requirement.

    I personally believe that only people who are starving will agree to purchase GMO foods or, illiterate people who cannot read the contents.

    My food choices have reduced to a level that I have little choice anymore. Still I will eat the same foods over and over and over, before I will ever pay money for foods produced by lust and greed motivated producers.

    Any food with high fructose corn syrup, monosodium glutamate (or their many disguised names), GOM foods, or those that are injected with hormones or antibiotics should be required to be boldly advertised.

    Reply
    • Zachary says

      April 22, 2016 at 11:24 am

      Have you ever eaten a banana? How about corn? I’m sure you have. Organic or not, those are some of the most heavily modified organisms, and the modifications have made them significantly healthier. This is such an ignorant remark on your part. There is absolutely no way the population could be as large as it is today if it weren’t for these organisms, since there would be a major shortage of food. Cull the population or increase production of GMO’s (which have not been proven to have ANY negative side effects from valid studies). Your choice, but I don’t think God would be too fond of culling the population just so you can eat your all natural foods. If you actually do research, you will come to the same conclusion as I have, as there are many false accusations against these harmless GMOs. All of these GMOs have come about because they are necessary, and the vast majority of them have positive health effects, such as “golden rice” which is a new variant of rice developed to help impoverished youth get the necessary vitamins that they would otherwise be deficient in, which would cause blindness. If it weren’t for GMOs, society would not be able to function the way it does today, regardless of whether or not you realize it. If you would like me to provide you with easy-to-understand links, I’d be more than happy to, I’m tired of the ignorance of today’s society, especially since there is so much knowledge to obtain just from one simple google search.

      Reply
      • Vicki says

        October 1, 2016 at 12:34 pm

        Zachary,

        For someone that has “researched” the issue, you fall short of the risks and the non-industrial scientists that do not agree that GMO’s are safe. I, myself, came across this article while in my fifth week of in-depth research of GMO’s.

        How do you come to your conclusion that we would have fallen short on food if not for GMO’s? Farming has existed for many, many years. Is this your opinion or what Monsanto addresses?

        In fact, GMO creates a loss of farmers. Because of GMO’s that thousand’s of India cotton farmers have committed suicide. (.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1082559/The-GM-genocide-Thousands-Indian-farmers-committing-suicide-using-genetically-modified-crops.html ) The debt owed to the manufactures for seeds and chemicals and ill-producing crops was too much for them to bear..

        While GMO’s promise less chemicals, the overuse of glyphosate (Round-up) is contaminating our water and is ingested by insects, wild life, and humans alike. The herbicide is found in our urine and even a mother’s breast milk (http://www.glyphosate.news/2016-03-09-glyphosate-found-at-high-levels-in-mothers-breast-milk.html). Here, let me pour you glass of herbicide and see how likely you are to drink it. It’s the same concept. Leaky-gut anyone?

        While you state that you have ‘researched’ the issue, I suggest you dig a little deeper at the real issues and not repeat the sales pitches that have been thrown out by the greedy manufacturers that want to control the world even if it comes with consequences of un-reversible, catastrophic consequences. I also suggest that you research how GMO’s have even made into legislation. You may be a bit shocked to see this sneaky tactic.

        The refusal to label GMO’s is because common sense tells people to avoid toxic contamination and humans err far too often than not. The GMO monopoly companies know they would no longer be able to literally force their technology down our throats which would hurt their precious profits.

        Buy organics, grow your own, support your local farmers and get health insurance! (Oh shoot, that’s government controlled now too.)

        Reply
    • ari sadie says

      September 27, 2016 at 3:59 am

      I agree with you. God bless

      Reply
  30. Vincent Summers says

    September 25, 2015 at 8:19 am

    Whenever a group of people want something put into effect, it is amazing how many pros they can find and how few cons. Yet, frequently, when all is said and done, it is the cons we see and not so much the pros.

    Reply
  31. Grant says

    September 2, 2014 at 1:12 am

    From the reports I’ve read, that were not written by Monsanto, GMO foods were shown to have less nutritional value than organic foods. Insecticides such as Roundup & those that the produce grow themselves from the inside out are clearly shown to cause tumors, reproductive problems, autism, allergies, super bugs, soil depletion, use of stronger pesticides, etc. Monsanto’s shady business methods are putting farmers out of business worldwide with their bullying tactics & their products not living up to Monsanto’s claims.

    Reply
    • YOU says

      March 17, 2015 at 8:09 pm

      The GM Foods can be changed to have more dietary value, although you are correct in stating that most do not, it is something they are currently working on.

      Reply
    • lexie says

      September 24, 2015 at 2:09 pm

      I agree with you on that

      Reply
      • Alyssa says

        May 23, 2017 at 9:58 am

        You DO realize that almost all of “naturally grown” crops are GMO’s. And many people don’t suffer from any types of cancer. So, your comment is invalid.

        Reply
    • lexie says

      September 24, 2015 at 2:10 pm

      how can GMOs be positive if they cause most people to probably get cancer or something

      Reply
    • Paul says

      March 17, 2016 at 7:55 am

      Roundup is NOT insecticide but a very safe, short active herbicide. Kills anything green then microbes degrade it. GMO crops use this resistant trait to make food production easier. I had to hoe soybeans growing up, not fun. Organic and GMO free require 3rd party certification paid annually by the squeezed hard working produce grower. I grow using these principles and practices but “don’t subscribe” to the ridiculous fees required. Either you trust my local produced food or you don’t. A LABLE is a poor truth detector. Grow your own in your backyard!

      Reply
    • Zachary says

      April 22, 2016 at 11:32 am

      They are absolutely not shown to cause these things. In fact, the scientists that work with GMOs are specifically working to reduce allergens, and immediately stop working on a project if they find that a new allergen could come from the ge plant. No link has been provided between autism and anything else, so that is a 100% invalid statement. Reproductively speaking, I’m not aware of any studies that have been conducted and published, so that’s an ignorant statement. The study that claimed a link between GMO consumption and cancerous tumors in rats was fatally flawed, as they used too small of a sample size, neglected to do any sort of a statistical analysis, and used a breed of rats with an 80% chance of developing cancerous tumors. Soil depletion isn’t a factor, as that relies more on the farmers techniques (i.e. crop rotation). Also, stronger pesticides don’t have anything to do with GMOs, as they would be needed with any other variant of plant if it is needed for those ge plants.

      Reply
  32. TotallyRandomName says

    September 17, 2013 at 2:14 am

    Oh, wow. You really squirmed around to make it look like the negatives are legit. That “1989 a genetically modified dietary supplement of tryptophan” was not a genetically modified dietary supplement at all, for example. It was created, like tons of other things, using GM bacteria (like the way we create insulin to save the lives of diabetics). The batches of tryptophan that killed people contained KNOWN TOXINS from the way they were made, but they were not properly tested. There was not some strange unknown created by GM here… it was known, discoverable toxins. But proper testing wasn’t done. You know, how SPINACH has killed people when it was tainted with known toxins like e-coli. Your attempt to pretend to be even handed by opening with a weak defense of the benefits of GM is more than shown to be a lie by the way you handled the tryptophan incident. Shame on you.

    Reply
  33. Byron Warren says

    January 6, 2013 at 3:38 am

    Walk down the aisles of your local supermarket and you’ll find floor-to-ceiling shelves packed with food boasting nutritional benefits: whole grains in cereals, omega-3s in eggs, lycopene—that powerful antioxidant—in ketchup. But there are other ingredients hiding in these products, and most of us don’t even know they’re there. They’re called genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and they’re in 80% of the processed food on grocery store shelves—and a handful of whole foods as well, with perhaps more on the way soon.

    Reply

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About the Author

Janelle Vaesa

Janelle Vaesa received her Master of Science degree in Public Health, with a concentration in Health Behavior, from the University of Louisville in 2008, and her Bachelor of Science in Health and Human Performance, also from ... Read Full Profile

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